1.debate“争辩”、“争论”，可作动词或名词，动词后不跟 that 从句，偏重两边正式争辩，各陈来由，有较强的“交锋”意味。
正式用词，多指围绕某一成绩掀开的或争论。侧重指意见看法对峙的两边之间的正式或公开的争辩。
偏重“两边各述己见”, 内含“交锋”的意思, 如:
We have been debating about the issue.
我们不休在就这个成绩举行争辩。
I don't wish to debate my opinions with you. 我不想就我的想法同你争辩。
The Senate debated whether the new highway should be built or not.
参议院就对否应该制作这条新公路掀开争辩。
On Sunday night they challenged us to debate on the problem of automobile
development and heavy traffic.
星期天夜晚,他们向我们挑唆争辩汽车提高与的交通拥堵成绩。
It is useless to debate this question in angry quarrel.
在恼怒的争辩中争论这种成绩是没有效的
The Parliament has been debating the financial situation for two weeks.
议会就财务情况争辩已有两个星期。
We debated until it was time for supper.我们不休辫论到晚饭时间。
2.argue只作动词，不克不及作名词用，为最平凡用词，后可跟 that 从句，表现“压服，论证”或“试图压服”，指从平心静气的说理到言辞剧烈的争论。“争辩”、“争论”、“争辩”，平凡用词，指坚持己见与人争论本人不赞同或反对的事，偏重说理、试图压服他人。
I argued with him for a long time, but he refused to listen to reason.
我与他争论了好长时间,但他不听我跟他说理。
The lawyers for the plaintiff and the defendant argued the case for hours.
原告人状师与被告状师就这个案子争辩了好几个小时。
She knew it was useless to argue with his father. He would not change his decision.
她晓得跟父亲争论是没用的，他决定的事不会变动。
He tried to argue that the case was not what it seemed to be.
我们试图争辩论,事并不是像外表看上去的那样。
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason.
我和她争辩了好久, 但她照旧不听。
President Lincoln argued that all men are created equal. 林肯总统主张人皆生来同等。
可以指“说理，论证”，也可以指“剧烈地互换意见致使争辩”。如:
1) He argued against the plan.他举出种种来由反对这项方案。
2) He argued that she should not go.他争辩论，她不应当去。
3. dispute可作动词或名词，动词后不跟 that 从句，偏重两边各不相谋，对峙不下，针锋相对地剧烈争辩。
“争论”、“争辩”、“争辩”，多对不合举行剧烈或热烈的争论或争辩，争辩中热情多于明智，争论两边屡屡各持已见，争论对峙不下，成绩得不到处理。
指“剧烈争辩”, 含有“对峙不下”或“未得处理”之意, 如:
Whether he will be elected as chairman is still disputed.
他对否中选为主席, 仍旧有争论。
The opposing party disputed with the president on the government budget. 反对党就当局预算成绩同总统剧烈争论。
He disputed with his wife on household expenses.
他与妻子在家庭开支成绩上争论不下。
Whether he will succeed with his new method is still disputed.
关于他接纳新办法对否会告捷这一点，仍旧存在争论。
The school board members spend their time disputing and getting nothing done.
学校董事会成员花不少时间争辩，但什么事也做不成。
It is ridiculous for them dispute about such trivial matters.
在这些琐事上争的不亦乐是荒唐的。
The strikers began to dispute hotly with management on the increase in wages.
歇工工人开头就增长薪资成绩与资方掀开剧烈争论。
The circumstances of her death have been hotly disputed.
她的死因惹起了剧烈的爭論。
Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits.
很少有人质疑妇女承受教导具有严重的社会心义。
They are disputing about the rights and wrongs of the case.他们正在剧烈争论这个事变的青红皁白。
4.contend “争辩”、“争论”，指据理力图，或自以为本人是对的，多见接宾语从句
that-clause。指声称某事实情，含有与他人举行争辩的意思。如：
They didn’t contending about the least important points in the design.
对计划中的一些不紧张的场合，他们没有什么争论。
The man contended that it was not his fault.
那人争辩论这不是他的不对。
Some people contend that current immigration laws unfairly discriminate against
certain racial groups.
有些人争辩论现行的移民法对某些种族团体有不公平的藐视。
I would contend that the minister's thinking is flawed on this point.
我倒以为部长的想法在这一点上有毛病。
The government contends that he is fundamentalist...
当局认定他是原教旨主义者。
I would contend that unemployment is the most serious social problem today.
我以为失业是当今最为严峻的社会弊端。
He contended that it was true.
他声称那是真的。
They contend that the company failed to disclose material information.
他们坚持以为该公司并未泄漏本性性的信息。
5. contend v. 主张，声称
指声称某事实情，含有与他人举行争辩的意思。如：
He contended that it was true.
他声称那是真的。
I would contend that unemployment is the most serious social problem today.
我以为失业是当今最为严峻的社会弊端
6. assert v. 坚决主张；断言
含较强的臆断意味，指坚决而明白地表现某事真实无误。
She asserted that French cooking is the best in the world.
她坚称法国菜是天下上最好的。
The scientist asserted that there is no water on the moon.
那位封建家断言月球上没有水
7. maintain v. 坚持说，坚持以为，如：
指坚决维护某种主张或看法等。
She maintained her innocence.
她坚持本人是无辜的。
He maintains that he once saw a UFO.
他坚称本人曾望见过飞碟。
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