???从顶刊学写Introduction

知乎上有一个帖子很火，说的是一个博士口试了很多单位，最初总结出来SCI论文仍然很紧张。但是当我们选择读博和科研路途的时分，我们就是面临着“公布照旧死亡”的灵魂拷问。尤其是SCI论文要文中最开头的Introduction更是让广轻重伙伴犯难？今天笔者就和各位分享一下怎样从顶刊来学习写作introduction。

写作Introduction之前，我们起首必要了解好的Introduction应该有哪些紧张局部：

①下一个有目共睹的“钩子”，便于吸引审稿人和读者的注意；

②紧张的背景信息，体现本人的研讨在本事域的紧张性；

③一个可证实和具体的报告，本人论文研讨的具体成绩，或怎样处理改良了某些事变。

我们来看Nature Chemistry中的一个例子，它的标题是Long-range ordered and atomic-scale control of graphene hybridization by photocycloaddition （Nat. Chem. 12, 1035–1041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-0540-2）

图源：Nat. Chem. 12, 1035–1041 (2020)

从这篇文章的标题和它的TOC我们就能晓得它的研讨内容是：石墨烯+可控+ photocycloaddition。让我们思索一下，假如是我们本人写这个研讨内容的论文，我们该怎样来写Introduction？

起首一定和石墨烯干系，其次是石墨烯的官能化可控性的紧张性，photocycloaddition的意义（为什么选择这个反响而不是其他的）。

我们来看作者是怎样举行第一步“下钩子”的：

Since its isolation as a two-dimensional (2D) system, graphene has been widely acclaimed due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties, showing great promise for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices1,2,3. However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits its use as an active layer in electronic devices. To pave the way towards practical applications, the functionalization of graphene has been a topic of much interest4. A broad variety of functionalization approaches have been developed, such as ... Controllable and precise functionalization of graphene remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress.

作者起首在第一句话引出所研讨的质料石墨烯，借着用一个如今存在的成绩（However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits）当钩子，引出the functionalization of graphene和XXX remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress的紧张性和意义。

钩子寻常的使用办法就是先分析一个东西是何等的有使用出息，何等的精良，然后再提出如今所存在的成绩，而这个成绩恰好就是本人文章所处理的成绩（这个十分紧张，不然你写的introduction和你的论文约莫一点干系都没有，直接会被拒掉的哦）。

接下去作者开头先容紧张背景：

Cycloaddition has been demonstrated to be an effective path for introducing sp3 hybridization and thereby functionalizing graphene26,27,28. … Even if the reactions were induced, they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on the graphene Moiré pattern formed on specific substrates30,31, and it is difficult to exclude the disturbance from solvent and impurities for the reactions occurred in solution. So far it has not been possible to realize chemical reactions of graphene with molecular networks or to achieve 2D order of reaction sites with atomic/molecular precision. Superior to the reactions that require long soaking, heating, electric pulse or probe tip press, the merits of photocycloaddition—such as simplicity, remote controllability and compatibility with other photorelated techniques—have been recognized; nevertheless, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported, with only precedent in aqueous solution32.

紧张背景包含Cycloaddition（由于作者研讨的photocycloaddition就是环加成的一种）的现状，然后是存在的成绩they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on…。接着作者总结了这个研讨范畴的后果So far it has not been possible to…。最初作者再次引领读者眷注本人的研讨内容photocycloaddition的现状, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported。

最初论述本人论文研讨的具体成绩：

Here we report an in situ photocycloaddition reaction of an extended molecular network placed on a single-layer defect-free pristine graphene sheet in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), … and confirmed by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. … The reaction is triggered by ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature, with the reaction sites being spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order.

Here we report是introduction常用的开头，接着突出本人的紧张研讨办法，好比这里是实行+盘算（density functional theory (DFT) calculations）。最初标明本人的紧张后果/结论spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order，与前两局部所提出的成绩完善契合。

如此一篇出色的introduction就完成了，分红三步，墨守成规。记得钩子要吸引人，背景要详确却不赘述，结论/后果的报告对应本人所提出的现状成绩哦。